Comparative Study of Helmet Designs on Cervical Spine Loading Patterns in Athletes Recovering From Post-Concussion Head Injury
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63282/3050-9246.IJETCSIT-V4I1P117Keywords:
Helmet Design, Cervical Spine Loading, Concussion Recovery, Biomechanics, Mixed Methods, Athlete Safety, Impact Attenuation, Sports MedicineAbstract
Cervical spine biomechanics are increasingly recognized as a critical factor in the recovery trajectory of athletes following sport-related concussion. Post-concussion neuromuscular impairments including delayed muscle activation, reduced cervical stability, and proprioceptive dysfunction can elevate the risk of secondary injury, especially during early return-to-play (RTP) phases. While helmet technology has made significant strides in reducing cranial injury and managing rotational acceleration, there is a paucity of research exploring how helmet design influences cervical spine loading in concussed athletes. This study addresses that gap by employing a mixed-methods approach, combining laboratory-based biomechanical impact testing with qualitative interviews from clinicians and athletes with concussion experience. Three helmet designs were evaluated: Standard Polycarbonate (SP), Hybrid Foam Shell (HFS), and Dynamic Response (DR). Biomechanical assessments utilized instrumented anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) configured to simulate post-concussion neuromuscular sensitivity. Across multiple impact scenarios, DR helmets demonstrated the most substantial reduction in peak cervical axial loads (mean reduction >25% vs. SP, p < 0.01) and shear forces (p < 0.05). Qualitative findings corroborated biomechanical results, with participants consistently reporting improved comfort, perceived stability, and reduced neck strain when wearing DR helmets. These converging results suggest that helmet selection should extend beyond cranial protection and account for cervical load mitigation, particularly in RTP planning. Findings support the incorporation of dynamic design features in future helmet standards and rehabilitation protocols.
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