Security and Compliance Monitoring
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63282/3050-9246.IJETCSIT-V2I2P109Keywords:
Compliance monitoring, Continuous control monitoring (CCM), SIEM, SOAR, UEBA, CSPM, CNAPP, Policy-as-code, GDPR, HIPAAAbstract
The adoption of cloud services in record time, working remotely, and API-based architectures increased organizational attack surfaces and increased regulatory oversight. Security and compliance monitoring thus changed to no longer be periodic, but rather to be telemetry-driven, continuous assurance. The present-day programs combine Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) with orchestration and automation (SOAR), user and entity behavior analytics (UEBA) and cloud-native posture management (CSPM/CNAPP) to correlate identify, endpoint, network, application and control-plane signals in near real time. Zero Trust principles are verified using explicitly mode, least privilege, and purporting breach anchoring detection logic and access decisions, and policy-as-code prevents misconfigurations before being deployed. Continuous Control Monitoring (CCM) relates technical indicators to control lists (e.g., ISO 27001/27701, SOC 2, GDPR, HIPAA), and dynamically produces evidence in the immutable and time-stamped form, minimizing audit friction and eradicating stale exceptions. Operation KPIs (mean time to detect/respond (MTTD/MTTR), the precision of alerts, control coverage and the freshness of evidence) are used to measure effectiveness. High-fidelity pipelines emphasize integrity through cryptographic hash chains, storage which is retention locked and strong keys, which provide defensible forensics. The governance models put definite ownership (policy, control, system, evidence), and route deviations into workflow tracked remediation workflows with service level goals. This architecture provides better and reliable regulatory reporting, better coverage and contains faster than the legacy architecture, given that the sample-based architecture is more contained. The paper synthesizes these practices into a layered framework and outlines research directions in explainable AI/ML for compliance analytics, permissioned ledgers for tamper-evident audit trails, and NLP-driven automation for regulatory change management advancing security and compliance toward continuous, provable assurance at cloud scale
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