Secure Software Supply Chains in Open-Source Ecosystems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63282/3050-9246.IJETCSIT-V4I1P108Keywords:
Software supply chain, Dependency management, SBOM, DevSecOps, SLSA, Sigstore, KubernetesAbstract
Modern application development has been transformed by the rapid proliferation of open-source software, which enables agility, cost-effectiveness, and scalability through innovation. It has, however, also caused complex security problems in software supply chains. This paper takes a closer look at the changing threat environment that follows the open-source supply chain by covering the most noticeable avenues of attack (dependency confusion, typosquatting, and compromised maintainers). It examines real-world occurrences, such as hacks like SolarWinds and Log4Shell, as well as recent ecosystem hacks like PyPI, NPM, and GitHub, to demonstrate how attackers exploit the expectations of trust and the vulnerabilities of Pipelines to gain access to software production chains. We also assess the new defense conditions, such as Software Bills of Materials (SBOMs), the signing of artifacts, the hardening of the CI/CD pipeline, and tools of static and dynamic analysis. OpenSSF, SLSA, and Sigstore, as community-supported, policy-driven initiatives, are discussed in terms of how they support secure-by-design development methods. Kubernetes case studies and the best open-source repositories can provide valuable insights into effective risk mitigation and security implementation in practical systems. The paper offers a secure supply chain system that is specific to an open-source ecosystem and focuses on provenance verification, automation enforcement, and DevSecOps compatibility. Lastly, it touches on the existing constraints and important evaluation criteria, and future directions, proposing that every aspect of the ecosystem should cooperate to achieve resilient and trustworthy software. The objective of this research is to provide interested parties with the knowledge and tools that will help them combat the emerging threats in the supply chain
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